Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Variant (SKU)
Single element quantification
All element, Semi-quantitative
Price may vary based on selected options
Delivery time: 1 ~ 2 weeks
Introduction
Introduction
ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) is an ultra-sensitive technique for trace and ultra-trace elemental analysis. It combines a high-temperature plasma ion source with a mass spectrometer for precise ion detection.
Key Features:
Ultra-low detection limits: Down to parts-per-trillion (ppt) or lower
Multi-element analysis: Detects multiple elements in a single run
Isotopic capability: Enables both quantification and isotope ratio analysis
Wide dynamic range: From ppt levels up to percentage concentrations
ICP-MS is widely used in fields requiring the highest analytical sensitivity, including environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food safety, nuclear science, and semiconductor manufacturing.
Principle
Principle
The ICP-MS process involves ion generation, mass separation, and ion detection:
Liquid samples are nebulized into a fine aerosol
The aerosol is introduced into a high-temperature argon plasma (~8000 K), where it is atomized and ionized
The ions pass through a sampling cone into the mass spectrometer
Ions are separated based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and detected
Test Procedure
Test Procedure
ICP-MS testing follows these steps:
Sample preparation: Digestion, dilution, or filtration
ICP-MS has lower detection limits (ppt vs. ppb) and can perform isotopic analysis. ICP-OES is more tolerant of high-concentration samples.
Yes, it’s widely used in nuclear, geological, and forensic studies.
They occur when ions of similar m/z overlap (e.g., ArCl⁺ with As⁺). Collision/reaction cells or software corrections are used to resolve them.
Internal standards, certified reference materials, matrix-matched calibration, and quality controls are used.
Yes, but solids must first be digested into a clear liquid form.
Applicable industries
ICP-MS is suitable for trace analysis of metals and some non-metals in liquid samples. Its ultra-low detection limits make it ideal for high-purity and regulatory samples.
ICP-OES / ICP-MS analysis requires careful sample handling to ensure reliable results and protect instrument integrity. Please read the following sample submission guidelines before testing.
1. General Recommendations
Elements such as Br and I are best analyzed using ICP-MS, which provides more accurate results compared to other techniques.
For samples containing elements with widely different concentrations, it is recommended to prepare separate solutions:
Use ICP-OES for elements in the ppm range
Use ICP-MS for elements in the ppb range
Alternatively, send the original solution, and the laboratory will perform separate dilutions as needed. Orders can be grouped by concentration levels.
⚠️ Note: Elements such as Ru, Rh, As, Ag, U, P, S, Si may be difficult to digest or may generate weak signals. Quantitative accuracy cannot be guaranteed. However, ICP still offers relatively accurate estimates compared to other methods. Please evaluate the associated risks before proceeding with analysis.
2. Requirements for Pre-treated Liquid Samples
a. Clarity and stability: Provide a transparent, clear, and stable solution without visible precipitates.
For colored solutions, confirm whether it is a true ionic solution. If uncertain, re-digest with acid to prevent damage to the instrument.
Submit 5–10 mL of solution. Samples should be slightly acidic to neutral, with total acid concentration below 5%.
HF-digested samples must not be tested directly. Fluoride ions must be removed (e.g., by evaporation), and digested solutions should still be diluted.
b. Organic solvents or carbon-containing liquids must not be submitted directly. Digest with nitric acid until carbon is completely removed.
c. Particulate-free: Solutions must be free of any undissolved solids or organic residues.
Pass samples through a 0.45 μm membrane filter.
Ensure containers are sealed tightly and wrapped in parafilm to prevent leakage.
3. Requirements for Untreated Liquid Samples
a. Standard water samples (e.g., those requiring GB compliance) should be .
Calibration: External or internal standards
Nebulization: Sample converted into aerosol
Ionization and separation: Ions generated in the plasma, sorted by mass
Detection and quantification: Ion signals converted into concentrations
Collision/Reaction Cell (CRC) technology is often used to minimize spectral interferences.
Pros and Cons
Comparison of Analytical Techniques:
Attribute
ICP-OES
AAS (Flame/Furnace)
ICP-MS
XRF
Wet Chemistry (Titration)
Working Principle
Optical emission from excited atoms in plasma
Light absorption by ground-state atoms
Mass detection of ions in plasma
X-ray induced fluorescence
Stoichiometric chemical reactions
Elements Detected
≥70 (metals and non-metals)
Limited (~30)
≥75
~40
Limited
Detection Limits
sub-ppb to ppm
ppm to ppb (graphite furnace)
ppt to ppb
ppm
Variable
Sample Throughput
High (multi-element)
Low (single element)
High
Moderate
Low
Matrix Tolerance
Good (some interference correction available)
Moderate
High (collision/reaction cell options)
Variable
Low
Recommended Use
Routine trace analysis in complex matrices
Low-cost single-element analysis
Ultra-trace and speciation studies
Solid sample screening
Classical wet-lab environments
2 Caption: List of elements that can be tested by ICP-OES
Advantages:
Extremely low detection limits
Isotopic analysis capabilities
Fast multi-element analysis
Minimal sample volume required
High automation and precision
Limitations:
Higher instrument and maintenance cost
Requires cleanroom-like handling
Spectral interferences need correction
Operation requires skilled personnel
≥ 50 mL
b. Other or self-formulated liquid samples should be ≥ 10 mL. Clearly indicate sample composition to aid digestion protocol selection.
c. Seal sample bottles and wrap them with parafilm.
4. Requirements for Untreated Solid Samples
a. Powder samples: Provide at least 100 mg, finely ground. If possible, sieve through 200 mesh.
For microwave digestion, at least 200 mg is required.
b. Trace amounts of solid samples should be wrapped in weighing paper and placed in a secure labeled tube.
5. Recovery Policy
ICP analysis is a destructive method. Material introduced into the instrument cannot be returned. Only unused portions of the sample (if available) can be recovered.
6. Special Situations
For limited sample quantities or special element testing, please consult your local project manager or contact our technical support team before submission.
ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) is an ultra-sensitive technique for trace and ultra-trace elemental analysis. It combines a high-temperature plasma ion source with a mass spectrometer for precise ion detection.
Key Features:
Ultra-low detection limits: Down to parts-per-trillion (ppt) or lower
Multi-element analysis: Detects multiple elements in a single run
Isotopic capability: Enables both quantification and isotope ratio analysis
Wide dynamic range: From ppt levels up to percentage concentrations
ICP-MS is widely used in fields requiring the highest analytical sensitivity, including environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food safety, nuclear science, and semiconductor manufacturing.
